Native American Religions Essay Example for Free

Native American Religions Essay Native American Religions happen to be one of the oldest and most enduring forms of religion. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups. Native Americans arrived on the North American Continent fifth-teen thousand to twenty thousand years ago. Native Americans have literally sources that exist from only the last four hundred years even though Native American life covers perhaps twenty thousand years. Over three hundred tribes have been recognized by the United States government. Native Americans are the only known ethnic group in the United States requiring a federal permit to practice their religion. In the state of Virginia, Native Americans face a unique problem. Virginia has no federally recognized tribes. Native American Religions have also been known as American Indians, Amerindians, Amerinds, Aboriginal, Indians, Indigenous, Original Americans, Red Indians, or Red Men. Native Americans religions are polytheistic. Native American Religions are remarkably free of priesthood. Native Americans are very personal in that they encourage Page 2 individuals to contact the spirit world alone. Native Americans believe that many levels of Gods and Spirits exist in the universe. They think of the High God or Great Spirits as a personal God. They believe in the Supreme Being in a manner found in many basic religions. Native religions have some of the qualities of monotheism, polytheism, and monism. Native American has been exposed to Christian eschatology for more than four hundred years. The influence of Christianity has been so strong that today most Native Americans are Christians. They are interested in the day-to-day life among the multiple spirits found in the world. Native Americans have a reverent attitude toward the land, trees, rivers, and mountains. Native Americans who practiced agriculture revere the soil, plants, and tree. Hunting was an important part of life within many Native American Cultures. The hunter would pray to the spirit of the animal before the hunt. Hunting was a religious pursuit in which the hunters saw the animal as a fellow creature, with a similar spirit. After all hunting’s one would ask the animal for forgiveness. They would basically perform a taboo. A religious action that enables people to avoid doing things that would offend the spirits of nature and the ancestors. This was one of the ways the Native American would protect themselves from possible danger from the spirit world. Another widely observed taboo is the avoidance of the dead. Taboo concerning about Page 3 the dead led Native Americans to be greatly concerned about their final resting places. There is no heaven for those who have been righteous and no hell for those who have been wicked. Native Americans often seek to control the forces of spirit world with ceremonies. The purpose of their ceremonies, rituals, songs, and dances is not necessarily worship. They are a mean of renewing the partnership between humans and the spirit world. Long hours of dancing in this atmosphere prepare the participants for contact with the spirit world. Holy week is also celebrated a song and dance. Native Americans often gain special powers by seeking visions that may place them in connection with the spirit world. Visions are sought by Native Americans at other times in life. The spirit may appear after a period of fasting and prayer, or sometimes without any preparation. The Sweat Lodge is probably the most important Native Ritual. The sweat lodge usually occurs before and after every other major ritual like the Sundance and Vision Quest. It is also a stand alone ritual meaning that it occurs whenever it is needed. Its original purpose was to cleanse or purify individuals. Mother sweat lodge essentially translates in to returning to the womb. The Sun Dance last from four to eight days starting at the sunset of the final day of preparation and ending at sunset. It showed continuity between life and death regeneration. It shows that there is no true end to life, but a cycle of symbolic and true deaths and rebirths. All of nature is intertwined and dependent on one another. This gives an equal ground to everything on the Earth. The sun dance was a significant part of the Crow Indian peoples Page 4 spirituality. It was a spiritual retreat in which a large number of participants would fast, pray and dance for a period of days. They asked for answers to events going on in their lives. Traditional Native Americans seem to believe in two souls, neither of which is considered immortal. One soul is the life, or the breath, that accompanies the body. The other soul is known as the free soul. One of the most common elements of Native American Religions is the use of tobacco and the sacred pipe in religious ceremonies. Tobacco was originally grown and used only for religious purposes by Native Americans. The tobacco used in religious ceremonies is stronger than the tobacco used in cigarettes. The ritual tobacco is occasionally smoked in rolled from corn husks. Most Native American tribes had traditional gender roles. Men hunted, traded and made war, while women gathered plants, cared for the young and the elderly. Women ever had the task of making weapons and tools, they took care of the roofs of their homes and often helped their men hunt buffalos. Many Native American people believed in the unusual power of a woman at these times in life. During a women menstruation she was kept away from ordinary society. Native Americans today have a special relationship with the United States of America. In conclusion, Native Americans can be found as nations, tribes, or bands of Native Americans who have sovereignty or independence from the government of the United Statesry society. Like other religions, Native American belief systems include many sacred Page 5 narratives. Such spiritual stories are deeply based in Nature and are rich with the symbolism of seasons, weather, plants, earth, water, sky and fire. The idea of an all powerful Great Spirit, a connection to the Earth, diverse creation narratives and collective memories of ancient ancestors are common. Traditional worship practices are often a part of tribal gatherings with dance, rhythm, songs and trance.

Is Alcohol Harmful To Our Life? :: essays research papers

So much information about adverse effects of alcohol is known. Yet, a large number of people condone what is known to them. Overlooking the negative effects of alcohol can turn the alcohol into a deadly weapon. Alcohol can cause deaths, diseases, and family problems. Alcohol can end your life in a matter of a second. According to,  ¡Ã‚ ° Alcoholism: New Insights on Old Problem, ¡Ã‚ ± more than 100,000 Americans die from alcohol related causes (1). In fact, alcohol related deaths are five times greater than the number killed by all illicit drugs combined. When a person imbibe an alcohol, he or she becomes disoriented. When people drive under this condition, they expose themselves to a great danger. In addition, women become more easily intoxicated from alcohol than men more (2). In result, women get themselves killed from an alcohol than males. Alcohol can also cause many diseases. When you drink too much of an alcohol, you get hallucinations and memory losses. Alcohol specifically affects the control centers of the brain (Valiant 337). If people do not get help for alcoholism, the condition could be debilitated. It could eventually lead to Korsakoff ¡Ã‚ ¯s syndrome of which symptoms would be mental confusion, hallucinations, and paralysis of hands and feet (Blum 337). This disease can get worse than they already have. Finally, alcohol can lead to poor family relationship.  ¡Ã‚ °Alcohol and Family ¡Ã‚ ± states that American research found that 49% of child abusers were drinking of the time of the offense and 34% were heavy drinkers (1). Alcoholics tend to abuse children just to make themselves feel better. In 1997, Institute of Alcohol Studies estimated that there are likely to be one million children in Britain living with a parent whose drinking has reached harmful levels (2). These innocent children get beaten everyday without knowing what is going on. There are many other things that have not been mentioned. There are more diseases caused by the alcohol which we still do not know today. The death rate on an alcohol is climbing every day.

Bottling Company

BOTTLING COMPANY History of coca cola bottles: CocaCola’s history has got a lot of bottle – more than 115 years’ worth, in fact. The world’s favourite soft drink started life as a soda fountain beverage, selling for five cents a glass, but it was only when a strong bottling system developed that CocaCola became the world-famous brand it is today. 1894 – A modest start for a bold idea Mississippi shop owner Joseph A. Biedenharn began bottling CocaCola after he was impressed by its sales.He sold the drink to his customers in a common glass bottle called a Hutchinson. At the time Biedenharn sent a case to Asa Griggs Candler, who owned the Company. Candler thanked him but took no action. One of his nephews already had urged that CocaCola be bottled, but Candler focused on fountain sales. 1916 – Birth of the contour bottle Bottlers worried that a straight-sided bottle wasn’t distinctive enough and that CocaCola was becoming easily confused with ‘copycat’ brands. Glass manufacturers were approached to come up with a unique bottle design for CocaCola.The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, designed with the famous contour shape, which won enthusiastic approval from CocaCola in 1915 and was introduced in 1916. * The contour bottle design was inspired by the curves and grooves of a cocoa bean. * Today, it's one of the most recognised icons in the world – even in the dark. * Blues players have been known to use necks from CocaCola's contour bottles to play slide guitar, coining the term ‘bottleneck slide'. 1923 – Six packs Six pack carriers of CocaCola bottles were introduced to encourage people to take their drinks home – and were a huge hit. 928 – Bottle overtakes fountain For the first time, the volume of CocaCola sold in bottles exceeded the amount sold through soda fountains. 1950 – Media moments The CocaCola contour bottle was the first commercial product to appear on the cover of TIME magazine, establishing CocaCola as a truly international brand. Also this year, the first television advert featuring CocaCola's contour bottle appeared during CBS' The Edgar Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show. 1955 – Packaging innovations For the first time, people could buy different sized bottles of CocaCola. As well as the traditional 6. ounce contour bottle, shops also started selling larger 10, 12 and 26 ounce versions. 1960 – Trademark no. 1 The contour bottle with the word ‘CocaCola’ written on it received its first trademark from the US Patent and Trademark Office. 1977 – Trademark no. 2 The CocaCola contour bottle was granted a second trademark for the contour shape itself, with no words written on it. 1978 – Recyclable bottles CocaCola introduced the world to the two litre PET plastic bottle. It became popular for a lot of reasons: it doesn’t break; it’s re-sealable, lightweight and recyclable . 2000 – Reducing wasteCocaCola introduced the ultra-glass contour bottle designed for improved impact resistance, reduced weight and cost. These bottles are 40 per cent stronger and 20 per cent lighter than the original CocaCola contour bottle – saving approximately 52,000 metric tons of glass in 2006. 2005 – Aluminium bottles CocaCola joined forces with design firms from five continents to launch a new aluminium contour bottle called the ‘M5’ (Magnificent 5). 2009 – Green bottles CocaCola launched the innovative  PlantBottle  in the US, a completely recyclable PET container made with 30 per cent plant materials, including sugar cane extracts. 011 – Going green globally PlantBottle packaging is available in nine countries with launches planned for many additional markets in 2011 and beyond. MISSION PET In this context, what was the appropriate response by CCBPI? The environmental predicament was clear-cut and the decisions and dir ections were defining moments of the company management’s assessment of the situation. It was amidst this situation, the program Mission PET was born in the last quarter of Year 2000. PET stands for Pinoy Environment Team to underscore the indigenous Filipino endeavor. Its objectives are: . To promote recognition of CCBPI’s one-way containers as recyclables and to encourage collection and recovery of these post consumer beverage containers; 2. To encourage among strategic stakeholders the environmental responsibility through education and information dissemination; 3. To marshal the youth to undertake collection and recovery of the one-way PET containers and to guide them in linking up with environmentally minded organizations; 4. To mirror management’s active response to a critical social problem. Mission PET target audience is a wide spectrum of stakeholders.People of all ages and walks of life consume Coca-Cola products; obviously, they are also garbage gener ators. Recycling of PET Containers There is now a PET Recycling Technology present in Metro Manila area. Forever Fiber Corporation in Pulang Lupa, Valenzuela City, has registered with the Board of Investments and obtained Income Tax Holiday for six years from April 2002 for the annual production of 1,583,733 kilograms of polyester staple fiber, necessary for the production of yarn for industrial garments and fibers. In Year 1, Forever Fiber will use 1,456 tons of used PET bottles, and by Year 5, it would be needing 2,043 tons of used PET.Multipet Corporation in Malinta, Valenzuela City produces strapping materials, commonly called â€Å"plehe†, from recycled PET wastes. Such materials are used locally and abroad for strapping boxes or cargoes, such as for mangoes, suha or durian. Out of its annual output of 460 tons per year, Multipet channels approximately 5% of its output to low-income communities in Malabon and Navotas where enterprising families weave market baskets (bayo ng), knapsacks and folding beds, for livelihood. A thriving market exists for 15 large consolidators known as Metro Recycling Association who xport every month about 400 tons of PET flakes as feedstock for the enormous non-woven fiber factories in China and Korea to produce polyester. Polyester is a part of such â€Å"sosyal† items as Patagonia bags, Nike shoes, skiers’ windbreakers, jackets, carpets and comforters. Think about this for a moment: If your outerwear or innerwear trademark says: â€Å"Polyester, or Polyester with cotton, or Polyester with rayon† -in all possibility, you are wearing recycled Coca-Cola PET bottles! Recycling of Aluminum Cans Reynolds Recycling Corporation’s two (2) furnaces in Dasmarinas, Cavite, are, for the moment, silent, shutdown.But further West in Barangay Osorio, in Trece Martires City, there is Cavite Aluminum Recycling Corp. producing aluminum ingots for the Philippine market and the aluminum alloy requirements of ind ustries in Japan. In addition, there are dozens of registered – – and unregistered – – converters producing aluminum sheets for cooking woks and claddings – – mostly from recycled aluminum beverage containers. Today, Metro Manila Linis Ganda’s members and other junk shops – – there are at least 1,200 registered in Metro Manila – – earn handsomely from the collection of PET and UBCs. So do their eco-aides.Just look at the tons of collected by the Linis Ganda coops in the years 1999, 2000 and 2001. Unseen by the public eye are the big warehouses compacting UBCs into 20-kilo blocks for export via container ship to Japan, China, Malaysia, and U. S. Aluminum, by the way, is perpetually recyclable! And aluminum scrap price is a reference for trading at the London Metal Exchange. Look at the growth of aluminum scrap exports: Collection by Mission PET Recovery Centers For the past 21 months, the Centers have redeem ed 4,200,000 (million) and 3,000,000 (million) pieces of aluminum and PET containers, respectively.That’s what we have directly scooped out of the waste stream. In 2001, Philippines exported 23,053 tons of aluminum scrap with a value of US$416,145,305. For PET, the country recovered about 5,040 metric tons in 2001 from the 24,000 metric tons that we generated in the form of resin, pre-form and bottle container. That is a recovery rate of 21 percent! PET or polyethylene terephthalate is the familiar soft plastic popularly used in myriad consumer and household products because of its lightweight, clarity and shatter-resistance.It is a polymer, a kind of plastic. Among the seven classifications of plastic, PET is coded â€Å"1† in the international recycling logo. (See Appendix C. ) The marking, made by the U. S. Society of Plastic Industry, is found at the bottom of the container to facilitate its segregation and recycling. The Seven Types of Plastics commonly used in th e Philippines 1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Common uses: soft drink bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jugs, water bottles 2. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)Common uses: detergent bottles, milk jugs, grocery bags 3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Common uses: plastic pipes, outdoor furniture 4. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Common uses: produce bags, food storage containers 5. Polypropylene (PP) Common uses: aerosol caps, drinking straws 6. Polystyrene (PS) Common uses: packaging pellets, cups, meat trays 7. Others Common uses: certain kind of food containers Report in N. S. E: Bottling Company REpOrTeRs: Cacayorin, Sarah Jane Mabini, Sherwin John Submitted to: Ms. Mercedes Mascarina

The Effects Of Violent Media On Children - 901 Words

In discussions of violent media, one controversial issue is whether violet media, like videogames, or comic books have a negative or positive effect on kids. On the one hand, some people argue that they enjoy expressing built up anger and emotions through reading comic books. On the other hand, violent media can effect young children and have them think it’s okay to be violent in real life. My own view is violent media does cause kids to have a mindset that killing or violent actions are okay to do. Violent media is everywhere in this generation of technology. The violent med wouldn’t effect children if some regulations were made but still need children would exposed. Craig A. Anderson professor of psychology at Iowa University examined children behaviors with different media. Anderson stated, â€Å"About 90 percent of U.S. youth aged eight to eighteen play videogames, with boys averaging about nineteen hours a week.† (Anderson). This high percentage of children videogames cause them to see a variety of different games including ones that are not even meant for this to play with. Videogames similar to movies are rated. The rating of an â€Å"E† means it’s intend for every one of all ages. Anderson stated, â€Å" ‘E’ videogames have more than 30 percent of violence descriptor in them, and more than 90 percent of ‘E10+’ games contain violence descriptor† (Anderson). Of course the more graphic violence it is rated higher, to prevent young children from playing it but the games meant forShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children952 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of violent media being beneficial for kids, most of us will readily agree that there is an ongoing debate on whether or not children should be exposed to violence. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether violent media can help children express their rage and other feelings t hat they are taught to deny. Whereas some are convinced that exposure to juvenile violence in the media is harmful to children, others maintain that it can help themRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children975 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussions of violet media on children, one controversial issue has been that violent media effects children in a negative way. On the one hand violet media causes children to build up aggression and are at risk to be more criminally active as adults. My own view, is some people blame violent media for children’s aggression but media provides knowledge of what the content contains, to caution viewers from violent action. Violet media can also be beneficial to children, it causes them to expressRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children971 Words   |  4 PagesIn discussions of violent media on children, one controversial issue has been that violent media effects children in a negative way. On the one hand violent media causes ch ildren to build up aggression, and are at risk to be more criminally active as adults. My own view, is some people blame violent media for children’s aggression, but media provides knowledge of what the content contains, to caution viewers from violent action. Violet media can also be beneficial to children, it causes them to expressRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children1813 Words   |  8 PagesEffects of Violent Media on Children With the growth in popularity in films, media has been a major influence in people’s lives. In recent years we see movies and tv shows impacting the way we talk, move, and even think. In recent events, theories on violent behavior have emerged with the belief that media is causing it. The issue becomes even more serious whenâ€Å"...watching violence in the media becomes enjoyable and does not result in the anxious arousal that would be expected from seeing such imageryRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children2635 Words   |  11 Pages4: The Effects of Violent Media Introduction As the internet becomes an essential part of daily life for most of the population, the youth have quickly adopted its usage. The increased availability of television, film, music, and video games has made these forms of entertainment popular choices for young consumers. Along with the increase in media options, media’s depiction of violence has increased as well. 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The ne gative effect is much larger for younger children because theyRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Media on Children, Adolescence, and Adults2656 Words   |  11 PagesThe Effects of Violent Media on Children, Adolescence, and Adults Cheri Burns COM/220 August 17, 2011 Mary McWilliams The Effects of Violent Media on Children, Adolescence, and Adults Violence in every form of media is a part of daily life. Children of all ages all over the world are being affected by violence in one form or another. This paper is focusing on television and gaming that children are engaged in. There have been many studies looking at this problem and ways to prevent childrenRead MoreViolent Media Does Not Have an Effect on Children Essay1974 Words   |  8 Pages Violent media is a prominent part of Americas culture. America is the home to dozens of multimillion dollar industries that specialize in making violent media. This media usually has a rating label on it, categorizing it as being made for young children, teens, or adults. The purpose of this is to protect children from the disturbing and/or violent scenes depicted in the media. Yet, millions of children under the age of 17 still have free access to violent media. However, even though childrenRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the topi c of violent media, some of us would readily agree it’s a controversial subject as to whether kids should or shouldn’t be exposed to it. This is because many children who view violent media react negatively rather than not being affected at all. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of what effects does it have on children. Whereas some are convinced that it is a healthy alternative for kids to express themselves, others maintain that it causes kidsRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Aggressive Behavior1590 Words   |  7 Pagescorrlation between violent media and aggressive behaviors in individuals. This paper represents an effort to provide a source for individuals who are interested to gain information on the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviors. Most of the peer-reviewed and scholary articles used in this paper provided conclusions that violent media have multiply harmful affects on individuals especially children. Krahà © and Mà ¶ller (2011) discussed the relationship between usage of violent media and aggressive